Massawa, Eritrea's "Pearl of the Red Sea," is a historic port city with a unique blend of Ottoman and Italian architecture. Though damaged in past conflicts, its old town retains a captivating charm with coral block buildings. Explore its ancient mosques, the Imperial Palace, and enjoy the Red Sea's coastal beauty. It serves as a gateway to the Dahlak Archipelago. Here are the 10 best places to visit in Massawa:
1. Old Town Massawa (Massawa Island)
The Old Town is a stunning fusion of Turkish, Egyptian, and Italian architecture, featuring coral stone buildings, narrow alleyways, and arched facades. Once a vibrant Ottoman port, its crumbling but elegant structures tell stories of trade, empire, and resilience.
Despite war damage, it remains hauntingly beautiful, offering atmospheric walks and incredible photo opportunities. Key landmarks include the Sheikh Hanafi Mosque and various colonial-era buildings. It’s the heart of Massawa’s historical charm and a must-visit for anyone interested in architecture and history.
2. Imperial Palace (Derg Palace)
Built by Emperor Haile Selassie in the 20th century, the Imperial Palace was once a symbol of royal prestige. Though now in ruins due to war, the building’s grandeur and strategic seaside location still command attention. Its blend of architectural styles and its historic role in Eritrean-Ethiopian politics make it a poignant site. The palace offers panoramic views of the Red Sea and is popular with photographers and history buffs. It's a quiet but evocative landmark of Massawa’s royal and colonial past.
3. Gurgusum Beach
Located just a short drive from the city center, Gurgusum Beach is Massawa’s most popular seaside escape. Its long stretch of golden sand, clear warm waters, and relaxed atmosphere make it ideal for swimming, sunbathing, or simply unwinding. There are basic facilities and a few local eateries nearby offering fresh seafood. It’s a great place to interact with locals, especially on weekends. Whether you’re into beach sports or just want to relax under the sun, Gurgusum offers a tranquil break from urban exploring.
4. Dahlak Archipelago (Island Tours)
Massawa serves as the main gateway to the Dahlak Archipelago, a group of over 100 islands in the Red Sea. These islands are known for their untouched beauty, coral reefs, and marine biodiversity. Popular for diving, snorkeling, and eco-tourism, they offer opportunities to see dolphins, turtles, and colorful fish. Some islands are inhabited by fishing communities with unique cultures and traditions.
Day trips and overnight camping tours can be arranged from Massawa, offering a true off-the-beaten-path adventure in pristine nature.
5. Massawa Mosque (Sheikh Hanafi Mosque)
This 15th-century mosque is one of the oldest in Eritrea and a symbol of Massawa’s Islamic heritage. Located in the Old Town, the mosque features whitewashed walls, a beautiful minaret, and intricate carvings. It’s a peaceful site, still used by worshippers, and open to respectful visitors.
The mosque stands as a testament to the city’s role as a cultural and religious crossroads. Its simplicity and elegance add to the charm of the historic island and provide a glimpse into local spiritual life.
6. Tank Cemetery
A somber yet captivating site, the Tank Cemetery displays wreckage from Eritrea’s War of Independence, including tanks, trucks, and other military hardware. Located near the road to Massawa, it serves as an open-air memorial to the sacrifices made during the conflict.
The rusting vehicles, many stacked or piled haphazardly, have become symbolic of both struggle and resilience. While not a conventional tourist spot, it’s a powerful reminder of the country’s past and a unique place for photographers and history enthusiasts.
7. Massawa Port
One of the oldest ports on the Red Sea, Massawa Port has been a crucial hub for trade and military strategy for centuries. Today, while not open to unrestricted tourism, visitors can admire the port’s bustling activity, historic warehouses, and maritime charm from nearby streets or cafes.
The port’s role in connecting Africa and the Middle East is key to understanding Massawa’s diverse heritage. Fishing boats, cargo ships, and the Red Sea breeze all contribute to its energetic atmosphere.
8. The Causeway
Connecting mainland Massawa to Taulud and Massawa Islands, the causeway is more than just a road—it’s a scenic drive over the sea. Lined with palm trees and flanked by turquoise waters, it offers spectacular sunset views and photo ops. The causeway symbolizes the unique geography of Massawa and offers access to various historical sites, beaches, and neighborhoods. It’s also a favorite for leisurely walks and evening drives, giving visitors a literal and figurative bridge between the old and new.
9. Taulud Island
Taulud Island is the more modern part of Massawa, but it still features interesting colonial-era buildings and government offices. It’s quieter than the Old Town and houses the old railway station, some war memorials, and elegant villas from the Italian period. The island also has several good viewpoints for watching ships or enjoying the sea breeze. A walk through Taulud offers a mix of history and everyday life, giving insight into the city’s layered identity and evolution over time.
10. Massawa War Memorial
Located near the city center, this small but significant monument commemorates the Eritrean fighters who died during the struggle for independence, particularly during the Battle of Massawa in 1990. Featuring sculptures and plaques, it serves as a site of reflection and national pride. Visitors can learn about the bravery of those who fought to liberate the port city. The memorial is often visited during national holidays and remains an important civic symbol of Eritrea’s resilience and patriotism.
